Self-Leveling Mortar: Application Process and Key Control Points
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Part 1: Material and Process Overview
Self-leveling mortar is a high-flow flooring material made of cement or gypsum binders, fine aggregates, fillers, and functional additives. After mixing with water, it spreads easily and forms a smooth, level surface. It is widely used in industrial, commercial, and residential flooring applications.
Depending on the binder type, it can be classified into cement-based and gypsum-based systems. Cement-based products comply with JC/T 985-2017, while gypsum-based systems are suitable for dry indoor environments.
The standard application process includes site isolation, substrate inspection, surface preparation, primer application, mixing, pouring, curing, and protection. Continuous operation is essential to avoid cold joints and surface defects.
Part 2: Environment and Key Controls
Environmental conditions significantly affect performance. The application temperature should be between 5°C and 35°C, with optimal performance at 10°C–25°C. Relative humidity should be below 80%, and substrate moisture below 5–6%.
The job site must be enclosed to prevent airflow, which can accelerate moisture loss and lead to cracking.
The substrate is the most critical factor and must meet the following requirements: flatness ≤4 mm/2 m, compressive strength ≥C20, and curing time ≥28 days. The surface must be clean, dry, and free of dust, oil, and loose particles.
Surface preparation typically includes grinding, shot blasting, or milling, along with crack repair. Primer should be applied evenly (usually two coats) and allowed to dry completely before application.
Mixing must strictly follow the recommended water ratio (e.g., 1:0.22) and standard procedure: add water, add powder, mix, rest, and remix.
Excess water leads to reduced strength, bleeding, and surface defects.
Part 3: Application, Curing, and Protection
The material should be poured continuously and spread using a notched trowel. A spike roller should be used within 15 minutes to remove air bubbles and improve surface density. The recommended thickness is ≥10 mm.
After application, curing should last at least 24 hours. Avoid airflow, direct sunlight, and unstable environmental conditions. Under normal conditions, the surface is walkable after 2–4 hours, and further finishing can begin after 2 days.
Proper surface protection is essential to prevent contamination, heavy loads, and mechanical damage.
👉 Self-leveling performance is not determined by materials alone, but by a complete system including substrate, mixing, process, and environment.
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